<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.2d1 20170631//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<ArticleSet>
  <Article>
    <Journal>
      <PublisherName>jimrhs</PublisherName>
      <JournalTitle>Journal of International Medical Research and Health Sciences</JournalTitle>
      <PISSN>I</PISSN>
      <EISSN>S</EISSN>
      <Volume-Issue>Volume 1 Issue 3</Volume-Issue>
      <PartNumber/>
      <IssueTopic>Multidisciplinary</IssueTopic>
      <IssueLanguage>English</IssueLanguage>
      <Season>(Oct-Dec, 2021)</Season>
      <SpecialIssue>N</SpecialIssue>
      <SupplementaryIssue>N</SupplementaryIssue>
      <IssueOA>Y</IssueOA>
      <PubDate>
        <Year>-0001</Year>
        <Month>11</Month>
        <Day>30</Day>
      </PubDate>
      <ArticleType>Radiography</ArticleType>
      <ArticleTitle>Albumin-Fibrinogen ratio in rheumatoid arthritis and its relation to disease severity and radiographic progressive changes</ArticleTitle>
      <SubTitle/>
      <ArticleLanguage>English</ArticleLanguage>
      <ArticleOA>Y</ArticleOA>
      <FirstPage>34</FirstPage>
      <LastPage>39</LastPage>
      <AuthorList>
        <Author>
          <FirstName>Gihan O.</FirstName>
          <LastName>Taher</LastName>
          <AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage>
          <Affiliation/>
          <CorrespondingAuthor>N</CorrespondingAuthor>
          <ORCID/>
          <FirstName>Faiza A.</FirstName>
          <LastName>Elhamdy</LastName>
          <AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage>
          <Affiliation/>
          <CorrespondingAuthor>Y</CorrespondingAuthor>
          <ORCID/>
          <FirstName>Aisha M.</FirstName>
          <LastName>Alfituri</LastName>
          <AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage>
          <Affiliation/>
          <CorrespondingAuthor>Y</CorrespondingAuthor>
          <ORCID/>
          <FirstName>Awad M.</FirstName>
          <LastName>Alhasnony</LastName>
          <AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage>
          <Affiliation/>
          <CorrespondingAuthor>Y</CorrespondingAuthor>
          <ORCID/>
        </Author>
      </AuthorList>
      <DOI/>
      <Abstract>Aim of the work: To evaluate the relationship between albumin-fibrinogen ratio (AFR) and radiographic changes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Patients and Methods: 50 rheumatoid patients and 30 control subjects were collected for the study, they were investigated for RF, Anti CCP, ESR, CR, fibrinogen, and albumin. Also, they were subjected to x-ray and MRI examination. Results: There was a significant increase in laboratory parameters and an increase in albumin fibrinogen ratio in rheumatoid patients as compared to healthy control subjects. Also, there was a positive correlation of the ratio with X-ray and MRI scores for synovitis and bone destruction. Conclusion: AFR may be easily, rapidly detected and prognostically useful markers of ongoing inflammation and joint affection correspondingly to radiological findings.</Abstract>
      <AbstractLanguage>English</AbstractLanguage>
      <Keywords>rheumatoid arthritis, albumin-fibrinogen ratio, MRI,radiographic, plasma fibrinogen</Keywords>
      <URLs>
        <Abstract>https://jimrhs.com/ubijournal-v1copy/journals/abstract.php?article_id=13564&amp;title=Albumin-Fibrinogen ratio in rheumatoid arthritis and its relation to disease severity and radiographic progressive changes</Abstract>
      </URLs>
      <References>
        <ReferencesarticleTitle>References</ReferencesarticleTitle>
        <ReferencesfirstPage>16</ReferencesfirstPage>
        <ReferenceslastPage>19</ReferenceslastPage>
        <References>Chung SJ, Kwon YJ, Park MC, Park YB, Lee SKY. The correlation between increased serum concentrations of interleukin-6 family cytokines and disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Med J. 2011;52(1):113–120.&#13;
	Mervat EB. Sleep quality and fatigue in egyptian rheumatoid arthritis patients. Med J Cairo Univ. 2019;87(3):1557–1562. doi:10.21608/ mjcu.2019.53575&#13;
	Gabay C, Kushner I. Acute-phase proteins and other systemic responses to inflammation. N Engl J Med. 1999; 340(6): 448- 454.&#13;
	Tsirpanlis G, Bagos P, Ioannou D, et al. Serum albumin: a late-reacting negative acute-phase protein in clinically evident inflammation in dialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2005; 20(3): 658- 660.&#13;
	Tan Z, Zhang M, Han Q, et al. A novel blood tool of cancer prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: the Fibrinogen/Albumin Ratio. J Cancer. 2017; 8(6): 1025- 1029.&#13;
	Sun D-W, Lin A, Guo Y. Albumin-fibrinogen ratio and fibrinogenprealbumin ratio as promising prognostic markers for cancers: an updated meta-analysis. World J Surg Onc. 2020; 18:9. doi:10.1186/ s12957-020-1786-2&#13;
	Lia S-Q, Jianga Y-H, Lin J, et al. Albumin-to- fibrinogen ratio as a promising biomarker to predict clinical outcome of non-small cell lung cancer individuals. Cancer Med. 2018;7(4):1221–1231. doi:10. 1002/cam4.1428&#13;
	Kayapinar O, Ozde C, Kaya A. Relationship between the reciprocal change in inflammation-related biomarkers (fibrinogen-to-albumin and hs-CRP-to-albumin ratios) and the presence and severity of coronary slow flow. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 2019; 25:10&#13;
	Yang WM, Zhang WH, Ying HQ, et al. Two new inflammatory markers associated with disease activity score-28 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: albumin to fibrinogen ratio and C-reactive protein to albumin ratio. Int Immunopharmacol. 2018; 62:293–298. doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2018.07.007&#13;
	Aletaha D, Neogi T, Silman AJ, et al. Rheumatoid arthritis classification criteria: an American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism collaborative initiative. Arthritis Rheum. 2010;62(9):2569–2581. doi:10.1002/art.27584&#13;
	4. Prevoo m L, Van ‘T Hof MA, Kuper HH. Modified disease activity scores that include twenty-eight-joint counts. Development and validation in a prospective longitudinal study of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1995;38(1):44–48. doi:10.1002/art.1780380107&#13;
	Rau R, Herborn G (1995) A modified version of Larsen’s scoring method to assess radiologic changes in rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 22(10):1976– 1982&#13;
	and;Oslash;stergaard M, Peterfy C, Conaghan P, McQueen F, Bird P, Ejbjerg B, et al. OMERACT rheumatoid arthritis magnetic resonance imaging studies: core set of MRI acquisitions, joint pathology definitions, and the OMERACT RA-MRI scoring system. J Rheumatol 2003; 30(6):1385–1386.&#13;
	Singh HV, Shrivastava AK, Raizada A, et al. Atherogenic lipid profile and high sensitive C-reactive protein in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Biochem. 2013; 46:1007–1012. doi:10.1016/j. clinbiochem.2013.03.023&#13;
	Milman N, Karsh J, Booth RA. Correlation of a multi-cytokine panel with clinical disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Biochem. 2010; 43:1309—14.32. doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2010.07.012&#13;
	Gand;ouml;bel K, Eichler S, Wiendl H, Chavakis T, Kleinschnitz C, Meuth SG. The coagulation factors fibrinogen, thrombin, and factor xii in inflammatory disorders—a systematic review. Front Immunol. 9:1731. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.01731&#13;
	Yang W-M, Zhang W-H, Ying H-Q, et al. Two new inflammatory markers associated with disease activity score-28 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: albumin to fibrinogen ratio and C-reactive protein to albumin ratio. Int Immunopharmacol. 2018; 62: 293- 298.&#13;
	Kayapinar O, Ozde C, Kaya A. Relationship between the reciprocal change in inflammation-related biomarkers (fibrinogen-to-albumin and hs-CRP-to-albumin ratios) and the presence and severity of coronary slow flow. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 2019; 25:10&#13;
	Hameed B, Pilcher J, Heron C, Kiely PDW. The relation between composite ultrasound measures and the DAS28 score, its components, and acute phase markers in adult RA. Rheumatology. 2008;47(4):476–480&#13;
	So, A. K. et al. Arthritis is linked to local and systemic activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis pathways. J. Thromb. Haemost. JTH 1, 2510–2515. (2003).&#13;
	Liu, X. and; Piela-Smith, T. H. Fibrin (ogen)-induced expression of ICAM-1 and chemokines in human synovial fibroblasts. J. Immunol. 165, 5255 (2000).&#13;
	Rooney, T. et al. Levels of plasma fibrinogen are elevated in well-controlled rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology 50, 1458–1465. (2011).</References>
      </References>
    </Journal>
  </Article>
</ArticleSet>